The Indian cobra is large highly venomous snake and is a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in India. The Indian cobra is revered in Indian mythology and culture and is often seen with snake charmers. These snakes vary tremendously in color and pattern throughout their range. The ventral scales or the underside coloration of this species can be grey, yellow, tan, brown, reddish or black. Dorsal scales may have a hood mark or color patterns. Salt-and-pepper speckles, especially in adult specimens, are seen on the dorsal scales. Indian cobras can easily be identified by their relatively large and quite impressive hood, which they expand when threatened. Many specimens exhibit a hood mark. This hood mark is located at the rear of the Indian cobra's hood. When the hood mark is present, are two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line, evoking the image of spectacles. Indian cobras are found in a wide range of habitats throughout their extensive range. These snakes inhabit plains, dense or open forests, rocky terrain or wetlands, it's only absent from desert regions found in its range. They are often found in near water.
The Indian cobra venom is highly neurotoxic and contains powerful post-synaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, and other components like enzymes that help the venom to spread into the victim's body.
Local symptoms include swelling in the bite area, other general symptoms include weak limbs, eyelid drooping and extreme salivation accompanied by vomiting and sweating. The venom acts by paralyzing muscles, and in the most severe bites it can lead to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest and ultimately to death.
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